One of the main factors affecting the durability of underground and buried structures is the impact of water penetrating into building structures and capable of causing both concrete destruction and reinforcement corrosion, which worsens the static properties of the structure and, ultimately, can lead to its destruction. In addition, water penetrating into the interior of the underground part of structures reduces their performance properties, disrupts the operation of process equipment, worsens the microclimatic conditions in the room, etc. The installation of high-quality and durable waterproofing, especially underground and buried concrete and reinforced concrete structures, is an expensive and labor-intensive process: the cost of work, on average, is from 0.1 to 0.5% of the total estimated cost of construction and installation work, this type of work accounts for up to 3% of the total labor costs during the construction of a structure. At the same time, as practice shows, in 90% of cases, failure of underground and buried structures occurs precisely because of failure of waterproofing, and at an early stage of operation, which contributes to accelerated wear of load-bearing structures (Fadeev A.B., 2007). In most cases, failures in the operation of waterproofing systems are due to the wrong choice of design solutions, incorrect selection of insulating materials, unsatisfactory quality of work and improper operation. At the same time, repair of waterproofing is a complex, expensive, and often ineffective operation. Therefore, to reduce the risk of problems, it is important to choose the right technical and technological solutions for waterproofing systems designed for the entire service life of the structure, taking into account all adverse effects, eliminating water leaks and reducing additional costs due to the need to restore waterproofing to an acceptable minimum.
The conducted research allowed to develop effective and economically feasible technical and technological solutions for waterproofing concrete and reinforced concrete recessed structures of buildings and structures (Recommendations on the technology of waterproofing building structures using Remmers materials: P 5.03.155–2016). The proposed set of measures ensures the necessary durability of structures and the preservation of their design parameters (strength, water resistance, etc.) throughout the entire operational life of the structure. Such properties of the structure are ensured by using not individual types of waterproofing materials, but various systems that include a set of materials and technological solutions that complement each other, together creating an effective waterproofing system. It was taken into account that the waterproofing market is currently characterized by a priority orientation towards the use of environmentally friendly water-dilutable mineral-based materials that have the same physical properties as concrete and high adhesion under different conditions of the surface of the insulated structure.
The main technical and technological prerequisites and directions for the development and creation of high-quality waterproofing for underground and buried structures have been established, including:
- the surface of the insulated structure should be prepared (be strong, defect-free, smooth, etc.). At the same time, all the structural parts and elements required by the project should be installed before the work on installing the waterproofing coating and (or) waterproofing. Expansion joints of the structure should be made using parts and elements that prevent damage to the integrity of the waterproofing. In the case of repair, it is necessary to provide a number of auxiliary operations, for example, eliminating active leaks, sealing joints, etc.;
- strict adherence to design technical solutions and the technological sequence of work when installing the waterproofing coating and (or) waterproofing. At the same time, any changes to technical, design and technological solutions should be agreed upon with the design organization and the manufacturer of the waterproofing work and approved in accordance with the established procedure;
- the waterproofing coating and (or) waterproofing should ensure protection of the entire structure without exception. In this case, the waterproofing work should be performed by one contractor;
- it is recommended to mechanize the waterproofing work as much as possible, but it is necessary to take into account the possible decrease in adhesion of each subsequent layer to the previous one (in a multi-layer waterproofing coating), in some cases the decrease can reach 20%;
- after completion of the waterproofing coating and (or) waterproofing work, it is necessary to ensure proper care of the treated structure. Any construction and installation work and movement of building materials on the surface of the finished waterproofing coating is not allowed.
Authors: Bursov N.G., Korzun A.S., 2016.